Caring for Exotic Tree Ferns in Your Garden

Exotic looking tree ferns can transform any garden into a lush, tropical paradise. With their unique appearance and ability to thrive in various climates, these magnificent plants are becoming increasingly popular among garden enthusiasts. In this post, we will explore the best practices for caring for tree ferns, specifically focusing on their needs, growth habits, and how to successfully integrate them into your outdoor space.

Understanding Tree Ferns

Tree ferns belong to a group of ferns known for their tall trunks and large feathery fronds. They can create stunning focal points in any garden and different species can thrive in both tropical and subtropical climates. The most renowned species for a cool temperate climate is the Dicksonia antarctica, commonly known as the Tasmanian tree fern. These ferns can grow in a variety of environments, making them versatile and appealing.

Lush green tree ferns creating a tropical atmosphere.

Tree ferns require unique care and consideration to flourish.

To ensure their well-being, it is essential to understand their natural habitat. Most tree ferns prefer shaded areas with consistently moist soil. They thrive under the canopy of taller trees, which helps filter sunlight, creating a dappled light effect that mimics their native environment.

Essential Care Tips for Tree Ferns

Caring for tree ferns involves understanding their growth habits and preferences. Here are several essential tips to successfully nurture these stunning plants:

1. Watering and Soil Requirements

Tree ferns prefer well-draining, organic soil that retains moisture but does not become waterlogged. It’s important to regularly check the moisture level in the soil. These ferns prefer their soil to be consistently damp but not soggy.

When watering, it is best to hose down the trunk first which then helps to absorb run off water when you water the crown (top), give the crown a good watering then shower the trunk again and around the base of the plant. At least weekly, give the trunk a really good soaking, this is achieved by leaving the water running into the crown for an extended period of time to daily watering, aside from the usual water run off, you should be able to see the entire trunk gradually being soaked and darkening, slowly moving from top to bottom, once it reaches the base of the trunk, it has had a good soaking! During hot, dry spells, you may need to increase your watering frequency. Adding mulch around the base can help retain moisture and maintain humidity.

2. Sunlight and Position

Positioning your tree ferns correctly is crucial for their growth. Although they do enjoy indirect sunlight, strong direct sunlight can scorch their fronds unless they have been grown in full sun. The best location would be a shady spot, perhaps near taller plants or trees that provide necessary cover to allow any existing fronds to harden off (we typically grow our stock in direct sunlight to avoid this issue but if buying elsewhere be sure to understand if they have been grown in direct sunlight or under cover).

If planted in full sunlight, bear in mind that you will need to increase the watering as your fern will dry out much faster than in the shade.

Shaded garden area with tree ferns and lush greenery.

3. How Tall Do Tasmanian Tree Ferns Get?

Tasmanian tree ferns can grow impressively tall, reaching heights up to 50 feet or more under optimal conditions (in habitat). Their gradual growth can take years, but with patience and proper care, they can create a magnificent spectacle in any garden.

Typically, the fronds of these ferns can extend up to 8 feet, showcasing their grandeur and elegance. Having adequate space for the roots is essential as well, as this will help them grow to their full potential.

4. Fertilisation

Feeding your tree ferns can significantly enhance their growth. Use a specialized tree fern feed every couple of weeks during the growing season, specialized fertiliser is designed to replicate the natural feed the ferns would receive in nature from the canopy above.

Organic options, such as compost or seaweed extract, can provide essential nutrients without the risk of chemical burn. Regularly adding organic matter to the soil not only nourishes the ferns but also improves soil structure.

Thriving tree fern creating a lush and vibrant atmosphere in the garden.

Consistency in care can lead to thriving, healthy tree ferns.

5. Pest and Disease Management

Tree ferns are relatively pest free but like all plants, tree ferns can be susceptible to pests and diseases that are present in your garden. Regularly inspect your plants for any signs of pests. If infested, treating them with insecticidal soap or neem oil can effectively manage the situation without harming your ferns.

Fungal diseases and rot can also be a concern, especially in overly damp conditions. Ensure proper air circulation around the ferns and avoid excessively wet soil to minimize this risk.

6. Winter Care

If you live in a region with colder winters, protecting your tree ferns is essential. While many species can tolerate mild frost, prolonged freezing temperatures can harm them.

The quickest and easiest method for insulation is to insert a ball of horticultural fleece into the crown around the time of first frost, if you expect temperatures to drop to -5C or below, then, also use fleece to wrap the top 12-18" of the trunk. If you have decided to plant them in a more exposed area, it might also be worthwhile to construct a temporary windbreak during the coldest months to reduce damage to the fronds.

Be sure not to forget to water in warmer drier periods, especially on newer plants that have not yet rooted properly. Remove the fleece from the crown to let them air and allow water in.

Integrating Tree Ferns into Your Garden

When incorporating tree ferns into your garden layout, think about balance and harmony. Here are some tips for creating a visually appealing arrangement:

1. Layering and Grouping

To create depth in your garden, layer your ferns with other plants of varying heights. Position taller tree ferns in the background, with shorter plants in the foreground. Grouping them in clusters can create a more natural look and showcase their beautiful fronds.

2. Themed Gardens

Consider creating a themed garden that emphasizes the lush, tropical feel of exotic tree ferns. Combine them with other plants native to tropical environments, such as banana plants, canna or colocasia, to enhance the aesthetic.

3. Container Planting

For those with limited space, tree ferns can thrive in large containers. Choose a large pot that allows for drainage and fill it with appropriate soil (50/50 mix of general purpose compost and farmyard manure is ideal). This makes it easier to provide the right conditions and can be a beautiful addition to patios or balconies.

Final Thoughts

Caring for tree ferns can be a rewarding experience for any garden enthusiast. By understanding their needs and integrating them thoughtfully into your garden, you can create a stunning oasis. With proper watering, sunlight, and care, these magnificent plants can flourish and enhance your outdoor environment.

Regularly engaging with your plants, keeping an eye out for pests, and providing adequate nutrients will ensure that your tree ferns remain healthy and vibrant. Remember, like any beautiful thing, they require time and attention, but the results are always worth it.

For more information on nurturing specific varieties, including Tasmanian tree ferns, consider consulting with local gardening experts or experienced fern growers for tailored advice. Happy gardening!